Quantum Control: Caltech Physicists Use Atomic Motion to Improve Computing and hyper Entanglement
By turning hitherto undesired atomic motion into a resource for encoding quantum information, researchers at Caltech, under the direction of Professor Manuel Endres, have made a major advancement in the control of quantum systems. This important experiment showed hyper-entanglement in massive particles like neutral atoms.
It describes a revolutionary method for storing and manipulating quantum information, which could boost simulation, quantum computing, and precision measurement.
Professor Endres uses laser-powered optical tweezers to control atoms. In order to investigate the basic characteristics of quantum systems, his team manipulates individual atoms inside arrays using these tweezers. These systems have traditionally been more difficult to regulate due to the regular jiggling motion of atoms, but the Caltech team cleverly reversed this issue.
From Disturbance to Asset
Adam Shaw (PhD ’24), a co-lead author on the paper, explains, “It demonstrates that atomic motion, which is generally regarded as a form of undesired noise in quantum systems, can be transformed into a strength.” In order to solve a long-standing problem, the researchers used this motion to encode quantum information.
Cooling the array of separate alkaline-earth neutral atoms contained inside optical tweezers was an essential step in this procedure. Using a new cooling method known as ‘erasure cooling,’ the team compares it to James Clerk Maxwell’s 1867 thought experiment in which a demon sorts and measures particles.
As Maxwell’s demon Endres explains, it measures each atom’s motion and applies an operation based on the result. The atoms were brought to near-total stillness using this technique, which outperformed the most well-known laser cooling methods.
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Hyper Entanglement Unlocked
The scientists caused the atoms to vibrate slightly after cooling, with an amplitude of roughly 100 nanometers. They created a superposition state of motion by simultaneously exciting the atoms into two different oscillations. In a quantum condition known as superposition, a particle can simultaneously display opposing characteristics, such as its spin being both up and down.
An atom in superposition is like a youngster on a swing being pushed by two parents on opposite sides at once, Endres remarked.
From this state, they intertwined individual atoms’ motions with those of their partner atoms over a number of micrometers. They then hyper entangled these pairings, which was a revolutionary feat. Two particles are connected in normal entanglement so that, independent of distance, measuring one of their characteristics immediately yields the corresponding characteristic of the other. For instance, if the spin of one particle is measured as being up, the spin of the second particle may always be down.
Going one step further, hyper entanglement correlates two properties of a pair of particles. To put it simply, this is comparable to twins who were split up at birth but share the same names and car models. The team was able to hyper entangle pairs of atoms in the Caltech experiment so that their internal energy levels and individual states of motion and electronic states were connected.
This lets us encode more quantum information per atom. Entanglement increases with less resources. Previously, hyper entanglement was shown to exist in photons, but this experiment is the first to show it in large particles such as neutral atoms or ions.
Constructing the Quantum Toolbox
It will increase the potential of quantum control. To stated the purpose was to push atomic control limits.”In essence, it is assembling a toolbox: It previously understood how to regulate the motion of an atom’s electrons, and now it knows how to regulate the atom’s overall exterior motion. It’s comparable to a toy atom that you have mastered completely.
Conclusion
Caltech physicists have used innovative cooling and control methods to create hyper entanglement in atoms. They created entangled states of their position and internal attributes by carefully controlling the mobility of atoms held in optical tweezers. The potential of employing atoms as building blocks for future quantum systems is highlighted in this work, which was published in Science and represents a key step towards improving quantum computing and associated technologies. The surrounding content, which includes a list of related topics and other articles, further suggests that the text is an article or excerpt from a publication that focuses on quantum and upcoming technologies.
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